Dynamis Weakness Trigger Conditions
Enemy job: RNG THF MNK BST NIN - JOB ABILITY / Any enemy-targetable ability or physical Blood Pact: Rage, except pet commands and possibly Ventriloquy.
Enemy job: PLD WAR SAM DRG DRK - Any WEAPON SKILL and some Puppetmaster Maneuvers, possibly based on current Automaton frame's deciding maneuvers for Weapon Skills
Enemy job: WHM BLM SMN BRD RDM - MAGIC / Any magical Blood Pact: Rage or enemy-targeted spell with the possible exception of cures and Odin.
You are able to proc during an enemy's 2 hour ability, it seems you can also proc during spell casting
The number of Time Extensions obtained affect your proc rate:
0-2 ~> None
3 ~> Low proc rate / Blue - Potentially transient Amnesia, or nothing.
4 ~> Medium proc rate / Yellow - Terror/Stops 2-Hour/Able to Re-use 2-Hour
5 ~> High proc rate / Red - Terror/Stops 2-Hour/Unable to Re-use 2-Hour